More than 100 years have passed since the first flight over the lands of Ottoman Empire in 1912. During this period, civil aviation has changed and progressed much in the world. Turkey especially in the last 10 years shows impressive performances in this field. Aviation concept, as well as the rest of the world, evolved in the last few years of the Ottoman Empire in order to respond to military needs. Captain Fesa had been recorded in history as the person who performed the first flight on April 26, 1912 by using the French made aircraft Rep20 on the Ottoman lands. After the 1st World War, with the decreasing effects of industrialization all over the world, usage of aircraft materials such as aluminum or similar high strength light metals on wings and fuselage designs, the rocket science started developing and jet engines started to be used. All these made it possible to produce faster and larger aircrafts. This situation showed signs of a new era that the use of civil transport was also evolving and air transport became the second global transportation methods used in the world after maritime transport. Comparing to maritime transport, civil aviation is indispensible despite the high cost because it is the much faster. With an ever-increasing demand starting from the middle of the 20th century, air transport is still an evolving industry. Civil aviation’s bases goes down to the first years of the Turkish Republic. ‘Türk Tayyare Cemiyeti/Turkish Aeroplane Society’ established in 1925, considered as the roots of the Turkish Air Force which laid the foundations of civil aviation in the country. The first civil air transport activities was launched in 1933 to transport mail by Türk Hava Yolları (THY) which was The State Airlines Administration back in the day. In the first 30 years of the Republic, Turkey actively developed in the aircraft industry and has become one of the few countries capable of aircraft manufacturing and assembly in the world by that time. But then all aircraft manufacturing and assembly operations in the country stopped in order to benefit from the U.S. Marshall in 1948-51. The Period Begins wıth thy Airline Passenger Transport service was first presented by State Airlines Administration in 1936. Given the importance of air transport, business has grown consistently with the state support and in 1955, received the name ‘Turkish Airlines’ which has become a global brand of air transport. Turkish Airlines has continued to grow since its inception to current status and increasing capital managed to be one of the 5 best airlines in the world. Turkey who became a party to the International Civil Aviation Agreement in 1945, is among the founding members of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC), and also a member of the European Navigation Safety Organization ( EUROCONTROL ). Undoubtedly there are many events and characters to be mentioned in the history of Turkish aviation, but it wouldn’t be wrong to say that the true breakthrough goes down to 10 years ago. Steadily growing since the 1980s, the sector made a remarkable breakthrough in 2002-2003. While the worldwide average growth recorded in the civil aviation sector was 4-5%, in Turkey this rate reached around 50%. Turkey became the Europe’s fastest growing countries for domestic flights in 2012 and 64.5 million passengers used domestic flights that year. While international flights were being arranged to 60 different destinations in 2003, this number increased to 192 in 2012. A Bright Era in Passenger Transport While the number of passengers transported was 35 million in 2003, it has exceeded 130 million in 2012. While the total amount carried with Airline Cargo Transportation was 1 million tons in 2003, this number reached to 2.5 million in 2012. If we predicate on the national fleet, the number of total aircraft was 162 aircraft in 2003 and that number increased by 130 % (continue to rise) reaching up to 374. The total number of aircraft has increased by 74%. Airline companies’ total turnover of 2.2 billion dollars in 2002, has increased to 15 billion dollars today. According to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), with scheduled cargo and passenger transportation Turkey became the world’s 20th in 2010. This stable and brilliant growth provided in the last 10 years, in accordance with demand, also gave rise to the emergence of infrastructure investment and both sub-sectors or the expansion of existing ones. Airport construction, airport operations, special service areas, maintenance and repair services for aircraft and air vehicles, and even air taxi sector created a rapid increase in passenger transport. The number we are mentioning has also effected the civil aviation education and caused a high demand for skilled technical staff. Today, a total of 150 thousand people were employed in the civil aviation sector and this number is expected to reach 300 thousand in 2030. Modern And ‘barrier-free’ Airports General Directorate of Civil Aviation’s new implementations is on the boil recently. First one of them is “Green Airport Project” which aims to bring an ‘environmentally friendly concept’ through modifying environmental protection to avoid environmental risks. Second one is “Barrier-Free Airport Project” which aims to avoid potential problems and to prevent certain standards to serve disabled citizens. There are around 10 ‘Barrier-free Airports’ in Turkey, in addition to Istanbul Ataturk, Izmir Adnan Menderes and Ankara Esenboğa Airports, operated by TAV Airports. ‘2023 Vision’ For the rapidly growing civil aviation sector, influenced by the Republic’s 100th Anniversary, a ‘2023 Vision’ has determined. The optimistic results of the last 10 years have brought Turkey the strength to expand the vision for the next 10 years. Being among the world’s top 10 countries in the aviation field, increasing the number of airports to 80, raising the total number of 130 million passengers to 380 million, increasing the number of national commercial aircraft fleet to 750, accomplishing in national aircraft project and unmanned space flight are some of the serious projects that Turkey is targeting today.